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High-Availability Deployment of a SaaS Financial Management Application on Managed Kubernetes

Description

The proposed system implements a SaaS Financial Management Application using a high-availability architecture on Managed Kubernetes. The application allows organizations to manage users, customers, vendors, invoices, expenses, payments, financial transactions, and reports. The application runs on Cloud EKS across multiple Availability Zones within a single Cloud region. Kubernetes manages application Pods, scaling, service availability, and automatic recovery, while Cloud RDS for PostgreSQL provides reliable storage for financial data.

Aim

To design and implement a highly available SaaS Financial Management Application on Managed Kubernetes that provides reliable application access, automatic recovery, scalability, secure access, and dependable financial data storage.

Objectives

01 Deploy the SaaS Financial Management Application on Cloud EKS across multiple Availability Zones.
02 Implement high availability so the application continues running when an application Pod or worker node fails.
03 Configure Kubernetes to distribute application traffic across available Pods.
04 Provide reliable financial data storage using Cloud RDS for PostgreSQL.
05 Automate application deployment, scaling, and recovery using Kubernetes and Helm.
06 Secure application access using Keycloak, Cloud Security Groups, and appropriate network controls.
07 Monitor application health, resource usage, and service performance using Prometheus and Grafana.

Application Workflow

01

Stage 1 – Organization Registration

Process

The organization registers on the SaaS Financial Management Application and creates its company account.

Tools
PostgreSQL Keycloak
Implementation

The administrator enters organization details such as company name, address, tax information, and currency. The application creates a unique organization account and stores the information in the database.

02

Stage 2 – User and Role Management

Process

The organization administrator creates users and assigns appropriate financial roles.

Tools
Keycloak PostgreSQL
Implementation

The administrator creates accounts for accountants, finance managers, billing staff, and auditors. Keycloak authenticates users and manages their roles and permissions.

03

Stage 3 – Customer and Vendor Management

Process

The finance team creates and manages customer and vendor information.

Tools
PostgreSQL
Implementation

Customer and vendor details such as name, contact information, tax details, and payment terms are entered through the application and stored in PostgreSQL.

04

Stage 4 – Invoice Management

Process

The finance team creates invoices and tracks their payment status.

Tools
PostgreSQL
Implementation

The user enters customer, item, quantity, price, tax, and due-date information. The application generates the invoice and stores the invoice details in PostgreSQL.

05

Stage 5 – Expense Management

Process

Employees record and manage business expenses.

Tools
PostgreSQL
Implementation

Expense details such as category, amount, date, and description are entered into the application. The system stores the expense information against the appropriate organization.

06

Stage 6 – Accounts Receivable and Payable

Process

The organization tracks money received from customers and money owed to vendors.

Tools
PostgreSQL
Implementation

The application tracks unpaid customer invoices and outstanding vendor bills. Payment statuses are updated when transactions are completed.

07

Stage 7 – Payment and Transaction Management

Process

The finance team records customer and vendor payments and maintains transaction history.

Tools
PostgreSQL
Implementation

Payment information is associated with the relevant invoice or vendor record. The application updates payment status and maintains the financial transaction history.

08

Stage 8 – Financial Reporting

Process

Managers and accountants generate financial reports for the organization.

Tools
PostgreSQL
Implementation

The application retrieves stored financial information and generates reports such as income and expense reports, accounts receivable, accounts payable, cash flow, and transaction reports.

09

Stage 9 – High Availability and Application Recovery

Process

The application continues serving users when an application Pod or worker node fails.

Tools
Cloud EKS Cloud RDS
Implementation

The application runs across multiple worker nodes and Availability Zones within the Cloud region. Kubernetes distributes requests across healthy Pods and automatically recreates failed Pods. The application continues accessing the financial data stored in RDS.

Cloud Infrastructure and Tools

Infrastructure as Code OpenTofu

Creates and manages Cloud infrastructure such as the VPC, subnets, EKS cluster, security groups, and other required cloud resources using code.

Cloud Network Cloud VPC

Provides the isolated network and subnets in which the EKS cluster and supporting Cloud resources operate.

Cloud Security Cloud Security Groups and Network ACLs

Control inbound and outbound network traffic and protect the application infrastructure from unauthorized access.

Cloud Compute Cloud EC2

Provides the underlying compute resources used by the EKS worker nodes to run the financial application Pods.

Managed Container Orchestration Cloud EKS (Managed Kubernetes)

Runs and manages the containerized financial application. It handles Pod scheduling, scaling, service availability, and automatic recovery.

Containerization Tool Docker

Packages the financial application services and their dependencies into portable containers that can run on EKS.

Kubernetes Application Deployment Helm

Packages and deploys the financial application and its Kubernetes configurations consistently on the EKS cluster.

Database Cloud RDS for PostgreSQL

Provides the managed PostgreSQL database used to store organization, customer, vendor, invoice, expense, payment, transaction, and financial reporting data.

Identity and Access Management Keycloak

Provides user authentication, Single Sign-On, and role-based access for finance managers, accountants, billing staff, auditors, and administrators.

API Gateway Kong Gateway

Receives application requests and routes them to the appropriate financial application services while providing traffic management and rate limiting.

Monitoring Tool Prometheus

Collects metrics from EKS, application Pods, services, and infrastructure, including Pod health, CPU, memory, request rates, and application performance.

Monitoring Dashboard Grafana

Displays Prometheus metrics through dashboards to monitor application health, resource usage, and system performance.

Distributed Tracing Jaeger

Tracks application requests between financial services and helps identify slow or failed service communication.

Implementation Process

01
Step 1 – Analyze the Application and Requirements
  • Check the existing financial application to understand its services, database requirements, and resource dependencies.
  • Identify the required application services such as customer, vendor, invoice, expense, payment, and reporting services.
  • Define the CPU, memory, network ports, and database requirements for each service.
  • Identify the high-availability requirements and determine how application Pods will be distributed across Availability Zones.
02
Step 2 – Create the Cloud Infrastructure
  • Use OpenTofu to create the Cloud VPC with public and private subnets across multiple Availability Zones.
  • Create the required Cloud resources for the Cloud EKS cluster.
  • Configure Cloud EC2 worker nodes across multiple Availability Zones.
  • Configure Cloud Security Groups and Network ACLs to restrict unnecessary network access.
03
Step 3 – Deploy the Application on EKS
  • Use Dockerfiles to package the financial application services into container images.
  • Create the Cloud EKS cluster and configure the worker nodes.
  • Use Helm to deploy the financial application services into the EKS cluster.
  • Configure Kubernetes Deployments, Pods, and Services for the application components.
04
Step 4 – Configure Database, Access, and Application Traffic
  • Create Cloud RDS for PostgreSQL to store the application financial data.
  • Configure the application services to securely connect to the RDS database.
  • Deploy Keycloak to provide user authentication and role-based access.
  • Deploy Kong Gateway to receive application requests and route them to the appropriate services.
  • Configure Kubernetes Services to provide stable communication between application components.
05
Step 5 – Configure High Availability and Monitoring
  • Configure multiple application replicas so that more than one Pod is available for important services.
  • Configure Kubernetes to distribute Pods across worker nodes and Availability Zones.
  • Configure Kubernetes health checks so unhealthy Pods can be detected and replaced.
  • Deploy Prometheus and Grafana to monitor Pod health, CPU, memory, requests, and application performance.
  • Deploy Jaeger to trace requests between application services.
  • Test Pod and worker-node failures to verify that Kubernetes automatically replaces failed Pods and that the application remains available.

Proposed Solution

The proposed solution deploys a SaaS Financial Management Application on Cloud EKS across multiple Availability Zones within a single Cloud region. Kubernetes manages application Pods, service routing, scaling, and recovery, while Kong Gateway manages application traffic and Keycloak provides authentication. Cloud RDS for PostgreSQL stores the financial data, while Prometheus, Grafana, and Jaeger provide monitoring and tracing. This architecture improves application availability, scalability, recovery, and reliability without the complexity of a multi-region deployment.

Benefits

High Availability: Multiple application Pods and Availability Zones reduce the impact of individual Pod or node failures.
Automatic Recovery: Kubernetes automatically replaces failed application Pods.
Scalability: EKS can increase or decrease application Pods based on workload.
Reliable Database: RDS for PostgreSQL provides managed database backup and recovery capabilities.
Consistent Deployment: Helm simplifies deployment and management of application configurations.
Improved Monitoring: Prometheus and Grafana provide visibility into application and infrastructure performance.
Reduced Complexity: Using a single Cloud region makes the architecture easier to implement and manage than a multi-region design.

Challenges

Availability Zone Dependency: A failure affecting multiple resources in the same Availability Zone can impact application capacity.
Database Availability: The RDS configuration must be properly designed for the required level of database availability and recovery.
Resource Management: Incorrect CPU and memory allocation can affect application performance.
Kubernetes Complexity: Managing EKS, Pods, Services, networking, and deployments requires Kubernetes knowledge.
Monitoring Overhead: Monitoring and tracing introduce additional resource requirements.