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Restricted Boltzmann Machines Projects using Python

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Python Projects in Restricted Boltzmann Machines for Masters and PhD

    Project Background:
    Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) have become a fundamental building block in deep learning. Their origins can be traced back to statistical physics, where they were initially introduced as a type of Markov random field. The transformative role was solidified with the development of contrastive divergence, an efficient training algorithm for RBMs. RBMs are powerful feature learning and generative modeling tools in unsupervised learning scenarios. They have found applications in diverse domains. Furthermore, RBMs are often employed in pre-training deep neural networks. They are enabling the creation of more effective and accurate deep-learning models. Understanding the background of RBMs is essential for harnessing their capabilities in various tasks and exploring their potential in emerging research areas.

    Problem Statement

  • The context of RBMs often require substantial computational resources and the training process can be slow particularly when dealing with large and complex datasets.
  • Another problem relates to the sensitivity of RBMs to initialization of their weights. The choice of initial weights can significantly impact the model performance. Poor initializations may lead to RBMs getting stuck in local optima during training.
  • Interpretability problem is associated with RBMs, are often considered as black boxes, making to interpret their decisions and understand the learned features.
  • Developing methods to enhance the interpretability of RBMs and make internal workings more transparent in fields where model transparency is a critical required.
  • Aim and Objectives

  • To design and extract informative features from data, facilitating improved representation for downstream tasks.
  • Designed to generate new data samples that resemble the training data distribution, enabling applications like data synthesis and augmentation.
  • Serve as building blocks in deep learning architectures to enhance the performance of subsequent models through unsupervised pre-training.
  • Seek to achieve efficient training, making them more practical for large-scale and real-world applications.
  • Enable RBMs for privacy-preserving learning, particularly in scenarios involving sensitive data.
  • Contributions to Restricted Boltzmann Machines

    1. In this project, RBMs are adept at automatically discovering relevant and informative features from complex and high-dimensional data, making them invaluable in applications where feature extraction is critical.
    2. Serve as a generative model and allow the creation of new data samples that resemble the underlying training data distribution. This capability has opened up possibilities in data synthesis and augmentation.
    3. Additionally, RBMs make learned features and model decisions more interpretable of model transparency. Their utility extends to hierarchical feature representations in deep networks and privacy-preserving learning, demonstrating their versatility and wide-ranging impact in the machine learning community.

    Types of Restricted Boltzmann Machines

  • Binary Restricted Boltzmann Machine (BRBM)
  • Gaussian Restricted Boltzmann Machine (GRBM)
  • Sparse Restricted Boltzmann Machine
  • Deep Belief Network (DBN) with RBMs
  • Temporal Restricted Boltzmann Machine (TRBM)
  • Product of Experts Restricted Boltzmann Machine (PoE-RBM)
  • Hybrid Restricted Boltzmann Machine
  • Factored Restricted Boltzmann Machine (FaRBM)
  • Conditional Restricted Boltzmann Machine (cRBM)
  • Applications of Restricted Boltzmann Machines

    Collaborative Filtering: Enhancing recommendation systems by modeling user-item interactions.
    Dimensionality Reduction: Reducing the number of features in data while preserving information.
    Classification: Serving as building blocks in deep learning architectures for supervised tasks.
    Deep Belief Networks: Used as components in deep learning models particularly in pre-training.
    Generative Modeling: Generating realistic samples from a given data distribution.
    Topic Modeling: Discovering latent topics in large document collections.
    Representation Learning: Capturing meaningful and compact representations of data.
    Financial Time Series Analysis: Used in model dependencies for tasks like stock price prediction.

    Performance Metrics

  • Accuracy
  • F1 Score
  • Reconstruction Error
  • Mean Squared Error (MSE)
  • Cross-Entropy Error
  • Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)
  • Log-Likelihood
  • Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KL Divergence)
  • Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUC-PRC)
  • Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC-ROC)
  • Software Tools and Technologies:

    Operating System: Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64bit / Windows 10
    Development Tools: Anaconda3, Spyder 5.0, Jupyter Notebook
    Language Version: Python 3.9
    Python Libraries:
    1. Python ML Libraries:

  • Scikit-Learn
  • Numpy
  • Pandas
  • Matplotlib
  • Seaborn
  • Docker
  • MLflow

  • 2. Deep Learning Frameworks:
  • Keras
  • TensorFlow
  • PyTorch