Description: A directory is a folder in a file system that holds files and other directories.
In Python, working with directories involves performing operations such as creating, deleting,
navigating, and listing files and directories.
Step-by-Step Process
os:
The os module provides functions to interact with the operating system,
including creating, deleting, and listing directories.
pathlib:
The pathlib module provides an object-oriented approach to dealing with directories and paths.
It is recommended over os for modern Python code.
Create a Directory:
Use os.mkdir() or pathlib.Path.mkdir() to create a new directory in the specified location.
Change the Current Directory:
Use os.chdir() to change the working directory, or pathlib.Path.cwd() to check the current directory
and use chdir() for switching.
List Files in a Directory:
Use os.listdir() to list all files and directories in the specified directory or pathlib.Path.iterdir()
for an iterator over the contents.
Remove a Directory:
Use os.rmdir() to remove an empty directory or pathlib.Path.rmdir() to remove the directory.
Check if a Directory Exists:
Use os.path.exists() or pathlib.Path.exists() to check if a specific directory exists.
Sample Code
import os
from pathlib import Path
# Create a Directory
os.mkdir('example_dir')
print("Directory 'example_dir' created using os.")
print()
# Check if the Directory Exists
path = Path('example_dir')
if path.exists():
print("Directory 'example_dir' exists.")
else:
print("Directory 'example_dir' does not exist.")
print()
# List Files in a Directory
print("Contents of the current directory using os:", os.listdir('.'))
print()
# Change the Current Directory
os.chdir('example_dir')
print(f"Current directory after change: {os.getcwd()}")
print()
# Write to a File in the Directory
with open('example_file.txt', 'w') as file:
file.write("Hello, this is a test file inside the 'example_dir'.")
print("File 'example_file.txt' created and content written.")
print()
# Read the File to Check the Content
with open('example_file.txt', 'r') as file:
content = file.read()
print("======Text inside the file======")
print("Content of the file:", content)
print()
# Remove the File Before Removing the Directory
file_path = Path('example_file.txt')
if file_path.exists():
file_path.unlink() # Remove the file
print("File 'example_file.txt' removed.")
print()
# Remove the Directory
os.chdir('..')
path.rmdir()
print("======After removing:====")
print("Directory 'example_dir' removed using pathlib.")
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