Research on blockchain Proof of Work (PoW) consensus focuses on the pioneering mechanism used to achieve distributed agreement in decentralized networks like Bitcoin. PoW requires participants, called miners, to solve computationally intensive cryptographic puzzles to validate transactions and append new blocks to the blockchain, ensuring security and immutability. Studies examine the efficiency, scalability, and energy consumption of PoW systems, exploring optimizations to reduce computational waste while maintaining robustness against attacks such as double-spending and Sybil attacks. Research also investigates hybrid models, difficulty adjustment algorithms, and incentive structures to enhance fairness, network stability, and miner participation. Overall, PoW consensus remains a foundational component in blockchain technology, balancing security, decentralization, and trust in open networks.