Blockchain schemes for decentralization is a research area that focuses on designing architectures, mechanisms, and consensus strategies to achieve fully distributed and trustless networks. These schemes aim to eliminate central points of control, enhance fault tolerance, and ensure security and transparency in decentralized applications. Early research focused on Bitcoin’s Proof of Work (PoW) and its decentralized ledger model, while subsequent studies explored Proof of Stake (PoS), Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS), Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT), and hybrid consensus mechanisms to improve scalability, energy efficiency, and resilience. Research also investigates sharding, sidechains, layer-2 solutions, and decentralized governance frameworks to maintain decentralization while enabling high-throughput transaction processing. Applications span cryptocurrencies, decentralized finance (DeFi), supply chain management, IoT networks, and secure peer-to-peer systems. Current studies emphasize the trade-offs between decentralization, scalability, and security, as well as interoperability between blockchain networks, making decentralized blockchain schemes a cornerstone for secure, resilient, and autonomous digital ecosystems.