Blockchain technology evolution is a broad research area that studies the development, adaptation, and enhancement of decentralized ledger technologies from their inception with Bitcoin to modern multi-purpose platforms like Ethereum, Hyperledger, and Solana. Early research focused on the underlying cryptographic principles, consensus mechanisms (Proof of Work, Proof of Stake), and decentralized transaction validation. Subsequent studies explored scalability, interoperability, privacy, and energy efficiency, leading to innovations such as sharding, sidechains, layer-2 solutions, and permissioned blockchains. Recent research emphasizes smart contracts, decentralized finance (DeFi), non-fungible tokens (NFTs), blockchain for supply chain management, healthcare, IoT integration, and governance frameworks. Studies also investigate consensus algorithm optimization, hybrid blockchain architectures, security and privacy enhancements (e.g., zero-knowledge proofs), and regulatory compliance for mainstream adoption. Current research highlights scalability, energy efficiency, interoperability, and integration with emerging technologies such as AI, IoT, and edge computing, marking blockchain evolution as a dynamic field driving decentralized, secure, and transparent digital ecosystems.