Research on the layers of blockchain technology focuses on understanding the modular structure of blockchain systems and how each layer contributes to overall functionality, security, and scalability. Typically, blockchain architecture is divided into layers such as the data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer, and application layer. Studies analyze how the data layer ensures immutable storage of transaction records, the network layer manages peer-to-peer communication, and the consensus layer guarantees agreement among distributed nodes. The incentive layer aligns participant behavior through rewards and penalties, while the contract layer enables programmable logic via smart contracts, and the application layer supports end-user services. Research also explores optimization and interoperability across layers to enhance performance, security, and flexibility for applications in finance, supply chain, healthcare, and other domains. Overall, a layered understanding of blockchain technology is critical for designing robust, scalable, and secure decentralized systems.