Performance issues in blockchain technology is a critical research area that focuses on optimizing the efficiency, speed, and reliability of decentralized networks. Traditional blockchain systems often face limitations in transaction throughput, latency, storage, and computational overhead due to consensus protocols, block propagation delays, and network congestion. Research addresses these challenges through consensus optimization, off-chain and layer-2 solutions, sharding, sidechains, parallel transaction processing, and hardware acceleration. Recent studies also investigate adaptive block generation, resource-efficient mining, cross-chain interoperability, and quality-of-service-aware blockchain architectures to improve performance for real-world applications. Applications span cryptocurrencies, decentralized finance (DeFi), supply chain management, IoT networks, healthcare, and large-scale decentralized applications (dApps). Current research emphasizes balancing performance with security, decentralization, and energy efficiency, establishing high-performance blockchain frameworks as essential for scalable, reliable, and practical decentralized systems.