The integration of blockchain technology with big data has become a significant research focus, as it offers new models for ensuring data security, integrity, and decentralized management in large-scale information systems. Blockchain’s immutable ledger and consensus mechanisms address major challenges in big data environments, such as data authenticity, provenance tracking, and secure sharing across multiple stakeholders, while big data analytics enhances blockchain applications by extracting value from vast distributed datasets. Research papers propose frameworks that combine blockchain with distributed storage and machine learning to enable applications in healthcare, smart cities, supply chain, and financial services, where trust, transparency, and real-time analytics are essential. However, scalability, high energy consumption, and interoperability remain key barriers, leading scholars to explore lightweight consensus algorithms, off-chain solutions, and hybrid architectures. Together, blockchain and big data present a powerful paradigm for building secure, transparent, and intelligent data-driven ecosystems.