Symbolic execution is a powerful program analysis technique used to automatically explore different execution paths in software by treating input values as symbolic variables rather than concrete data. In the context of web applications, it enables systematic vulnerability detection by analyzing input-handling logic, path constraints, and security checks across server-side and client-side code. Research in this area focuses on enhancing scalability to handle complex, real-world web frameworks, improving constraint solvers for dynamic web behaviors, and integrating symbolic execution with fuzzing and taint analysis for deeper vulnerability discovery. Other emerging topics include automated detection of SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and authentication flaws using hybrid symbolic–concolic models, as well as adapting symbolic execution to modern technologies such as single-page applications, microservices, and serverless architectures. Furthermore, researchers are exploring how symbolic execution can be leveraged in continuous integration pipelines and DevSecOps environments to provide real-time, automated vulnerability assessments during software development.